biography of bung tomo "national hero"
Sutomo (3 October 1920 – 7 October 1981),[1] also known as
Bung Tomo, is best known for his role as an Indonesian military leader during
the Indonesian National Revolution against the Netherlands. He played a central
role in Battle of Surabaya when the British attacked the city in October and
November 1945.
Ø Early lifeEdit
Sutomo was born in Kampung Blauran in the centre of Surabaya
to a clerk father, Kartawan Tjiptowidjojo, and mother of mixed Javanese,
Sundanese and Madurese descent. He had received Dutch secondary education
before the Japanese occupation. Alongside menial jobs, he joined the Indonesian
Scouting organisation and at the age of seventeen as the second Pramuka Garuda;
a rank achieved by only three Indonesians before the Japanese occupation during
World War II. During the occupation period he worked for the Dōmei Tsushin in
Surabaya. Sutomo became famous by setting up Radio Pembarontakan (Radio
Rebellion), which promoted unity and fighting spirit among the Indonesian
pemuda (youth).
Ø Battle Of Surabaya and race-based execution of
civiliansEdit
"Hey British soldiers! As long as the Indonesian bulls,
the youth of Indonesia, have red blood that can make a piece of white cloth,
red and white, we will never surrender. Friends, fellow fighters, especially
the youth of Indonesia, we will fight on, we will expel the colonialists from
our Indonesian land that we love... Long have we suffered, been exploited,
trampled on. Now is the time for us to seize our independence. Our slogan:
FREEDOM OR DEATH. ALLAH IS GREAT... ALLAH IS GREAT... ALLAH IS GREAT..
FREEDOM!"
Ø Bung Tomo's speech, 9 November 1945.[2]
Main article: Battle of Surabaya
During the Japanese occupation, Sutomo was chosen in 1944 as
a member of the Japanese-sponsored Gerakan Rakyat Baru (New People's Movement).
During the early stages of the Indonesian National Revolution he played a
central role when Surabaya came under British attack. Although the Surabaya
city was lost to the British, the battle served to galvanise Indonesian and international
opinion in support of the independence cause. Sutomo spurred thousands of
Indonesians to action with his distinctive, emotional speaking-style of his
radio broadcasts. His "clear, burning eyes, that penetrating, slightly
nasal voice, or that hair-raising oratorical style that second only to
Sukarno's in its emotional power".[1] During the Bersiap perod, Sutomo
encouraged atrocities against Indonesians of mixed European–Asian
ancestry[3][4] and personally supervised the summary executions of hundreds of
civilians. An archived eye witness testimony of the events of 22 October 1945
states:[5]
"Before each execution Sutomo mockingly asked the crowd
what should be done with this "Musuh (enemy) of the people". The
crowd yelled "Bunuh!" (kill!) after which the executioner named
Rustam decapitated the victim with one stroke of his sword. The victim was then
left to the bloodthirst of boys 10, 11 and 12 years old. ...[who] further
mutilated the body." "Women were tied to the tree in the back yard
and pierced through the genitals with "bambu runcing" (bamboo spears)
until they died."
Ø Post-independenceEdit
His relationship with President Sukarno soured after Bung
Tomo offended the president by asking about personal matters.[6] After the
1950s, Sutomo emerged again as a national figure during the 1965 turbulent
period. Initially, he supported Suharto to replace the left-leaning Sukarno
government, but wylater opposed aspects of the New Order regime.[1] On 11 April
1978, he was detained by the government for his outspoken criticism of
corruption and abuses of power; upon his release three years later, however,
Sutomo continued to loudly voice his criticisms. He said that he did not want
to be buried in the Heroes' Cemetery because it was full of "fairweather heroes"
who had lacked the courage to defend the nation at times of crisis, but when
peace came appeared in public to glorify their achievements.[6]
Ø Personal lifeEdit
On 9 June 1947, Sutomo married Sulistina in Malang, East
Java.[2] He was known as a devoutly religious father of five who took religious
knowledge seriously throughout his life. Before his death, Sutomo managed to
finish a draft of his own dissertation on the role of religion in village-level
development. On 7 October 1981, he died in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, during his Hajj
pilgrimage.[1] His family and friends had his body returned to Indonesia.
Although his reputation and military rank gave him the right to be buried in
the Heroes' Cemetery, he was laid to rest in public burial ground at Ngagel,
Surabaya, East Java.
Thank you for taking the time to read articles from our. We
hope you can visit Surabaya, Indonesia to know more about our culture.
Terima kasih telah meluangkan waktu untuk membaca artikel
dari kami. Kita berharap kalian dapat berkunjung ke Surabaya, Indonesia untuk
mengenal lebih jauh budaya kita.
We are very happy to be exchanges stories of our
respective country,we hope that you too.
Kita sangat senang untuk bertukar cerita dari Negara kita
masing masing, kita harap kalian juga begitu.
If you want to know more about us or our country you can sent
a e-mail with me,we will be very happy.
Jika kalian ingin mengenal lebih jauh tentang kita atau
Negara kita kalian bisa mengirim email dengan kita, kita akan sangat senang.
This is our e-mail
1. Ani.rachmah@gmail.com
2.
3. Maulitawulandari1@gmail.com
Nama kelompok / name of group :
1. Alifiah nur
‘izza rachmah (02)
2. Izza
zulfatul ‘aufi (15)
3. Maulita wulandari
(19)
4. Nurul rahma
fikha sujarwo (26)
THIS IS OUR PHOTO
Komentar
Posting Komentar